ABC of the RADIATOR

...we want you informed and aware,
Here's some useful information about the world of radiators, heaters, and space heaters.
Well, call them what you want...

Basic Operation

Radiators do not produce heat, but distribute it throughout the room using hot water from a boiler, heat pump, or thermo-stove.

Materials:

Cast iron

They have high thermal inertia (they heat up slowly but retain heat for a long time even when the system is off). Ideal for continuous heating and large spaces.

Aluminum

They heat up very quickly and cool down just as quickly. Ideal for intermittent ignition and for use with low-temperature systems (e.g., condensing boilers).

Steel

They represent a good compromise between the speed of aluminum and the thermal resistance of cast iron. They are very versatile in terms of design.

Power Calculation (Heat Requirement)

The required power is calculated based on the volume of the room (m3) and the level of thermal insulation of the building (on average, 30-50 Watts per m3).

Optimal Positioning

They are generally installed under windows or along perimeter walls to counteract greater heat loss, creating a "barrier" of hot air.

Thermostatic Valves

They are essential for efficiency; they regulate the flow of incoming hot water and allow you to set a different temperature in each room, reducing waste.

Maintenance

Bleeding Radiators: This is a crucial operation that should be done at least once a year (before turning on the system). It removes trapped air that prevents proper and uniform water circulation.

System Pressure Check

After bleeding, it is essential to check the water pressure in the circuit (visible on the boiler pressure gauge) and restore it if necessary by adding water.

Regular Cleaning

Removing dust and dirt (even between the elements) is important, as a layer of dust reduces the thermal efficiency of the radiator.

Reflective Panels

Installing heat-reflective panels between the radiator and the exterior wall can reduce heat loss towards the wall.

Obstacles

Avoid covering radiators with furniture, unsuitable radiator covers, or long curtains, as they hinder the diffusion of heat by convection.

Radiator/Towel Warmer

These are designer radiators, often tubular and installed in bathrooms, which combine the heating function with that of drying towels/clothes.

Corrosion

Aluminum radiators can be subject to internal corrosion if the water pH is not balanced. Chemical inhibitors are used to protect the system.

Low Temperature Heating

Aluminum or steel radiators are more suitable for operation with low-temperature systems (such as heat pumps or condensing boilers) than cast iron ones.

Chronothermostat

It is the central device that allows you to program on and off times and optimal temperatures, maximizing energy savings.

Prohibition on drying clothes

Placing wet cloths on radiators (except designer radiators) reduces their efficiency and increases the humidity inside the home.

Design and Integration

Modern radiators, especially those made of steel and aluminum, are available in various shapes (vertical, horizontal, column-shaped) and colors, becoming true furnishing elements in their own right.

Energy Certification

Replacing old radiators with more efficient models or installing thermostatic valves are interventions that can benefit from government incentives (e.g., Ecobonus).

Insulation and Efficiency

An efficient radiator can't compensate for poor home insulation. For real savings, insulation (e.g., exterior insulation, window frames) is a priority or a complement.